In Ceci's framework, which statement is true?

• A. Intelligence is fully determined by heredity.
• B. Context is central to intelligence.
• C. There is a single underlying factor (g).
• D. Intelligence cannot be modified by environment.

Answer: (B)

In Ceci's view, intelligence is shaped by the context in which a person operates. Cognitive abilities don’t unfold in a vacuum; how people perform on tasks depends on the opportunities, resources, and cultural tools available to them, as well as the specific situation of testing or learning. This means intelligence isn’t fixed by heredity alone, nor is it reducible to a single general factor, and it can be influenced or enhanced by environment and experience.

That’s why the statement about context being central is the best fit. It captures the idea that where, how, and with what support someone is engaged can significantly affect cognitive performance and development.

The other ideas imply that heredity alone determines intelligence, or that there’s one underlying factor, or that environment cannot change intelligence. Ceci's framework rejects those notions, emphasizing the powerful role of context, learning opportunities, and environmental support in shaping intellectual functioning.