What are instruments designed to measure the mental capabilities of the individual called?

• A. Intelligence Tests
• B. Achievement Tests
• C. Aptitude Tests
• D. Diagnostic Tests

Answer: (A)

Measuring general mental ability is what intelligence tests are designed to do. These standardized instruments assess core cognitive skills such as reasoning, problem-solving, memory, and verbal ability to yield a score that estimates overall intellect, often expressed as an intelligence quotient or a general cognitive ability level. They are designed to capture how quickly and effectively someone can think and learn across different domains, not to measure specific learned content or potential for a particular future task.

In contrast, achievement tests measure knowledge and skills that have been learned in specific subjects, like math or reading, after instruction. Aptitude tests aim to predict potential for future performance in a particular area or domain, focusing on possible ability rather than what has already been learned. Diagnostic tests are used to identify specific disorders or learning disabilities to guide intervention. Because the question focuses on assessing broad mental capabilities rather than learned content, future potential in a narrow domain, or diagnostic processes, intelligence tests are the appropriate choice.