What is the term for the continuous or intermediate evaluation typically performed to examine the process (focus is on process)?

• A. Formative evaluation
• B. Summative evaluation
• C. Process evaluation
• D. Outcome evaluation

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is using ongoing feedback during implementation to improve how a program is carried out. Formative evaluation is designed for this purpose. It happens while the program is being developed or piloted and focuses on the process itself—how activities are delivered, whether content is being implemented as planned, fidelity to the design, and how participants are responding. The goal is to gather information that can be used immediately to adjust methods, materials, pacing, or supports so the program runs more effectively as it unfolds.

This contrasts with summative evaluation, which looks at overall outcomes after the program ends to judge its success, and with outcome evaluation, which specifically measures the results or impact. Process evaluation, while related to how a program is delivered, is typically framed as examining the implementation itself—sometimes for accountability or descriptive purposes—rather than primarily guiding ongoing improvements. Because the question emphasizes continuous, intermediate assessment aimed at refining the process, formative evaluation is the best fit.