Which theorists are most closely associated with genograms?

• A. Bowen and McGoldrick
• B. Freud and Erikson
• C. Piaget and Skinner
• D. Bowen and Cierpka

Answer: (A)

Genograms are a family systems assessment tool that maps relationships and patterns across multiple generations, including family structure, emotional bonds, and health or behavioral history. They help counselors see how patterns—such as repeated family roles, alliances, or mental health issues—travel through generations and influence current functioning.

The theorists most closely linked with genograms are Murray Bowen, a founder of family systems theory, and Monica McGoldrick, who helped popularize the genogram as a clinical tool (often with Gerson). Their work emphasizes how family relationships and intergenerational patterns shape individual behavior and symptoms, making genograms a practical way to visualize those dynamics.

Freud and Erikson belong to development theories focusing on individual growth, not a graphical method for mapping family patterns. Piaget and Skinner are associated with cognitive development and behaviorist learning, not genogram use. Bowen and Cierpka aren’t the standard pairing linked to this assessment tool.