Which theory relates to 'first dimension: mental operations; second: content; third: products'?

• A. Spearman's two-factor theory
• B. Guilford’s Structure of Intellect
• C. Cattell-Horn-Carroll model
• D. Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

Answer: (B)

This question targets Guilford’s Structure of Intellect, which organizes cognitive abilities along three independent dimensions. The first is mental operations—the cognitive processes used in thinking, such as evaluation, memory, divergent production, and convergent production. The second is content—the kinds of material these operations work on, typically figural, symbolic, semantic, and behavioral. The third is products—the forms in which the results of thinking are organized, including units, classes, relations, systems, transformations, and propositions. Because Guilford explicitly pairs these three dimensions, the description matches his theory. Other theories describe intelligence with different frameworks (for example, a single general factor with specific abilities in Spearman’s model, broad and narrow abilities in CHC, or multiple independent intelligences in Gardner’s theory), which do not fit this three-dimensional structure.